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			<p><b>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr> <a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=6a23a4c20102vv1l&url=http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/001WvIPMgy6VyLzlfBae4" TARGET="_blank"><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://s5.sinaimg.cn/mw690/001WvIPMgy6VyLzlfBae4&amp;690" NAME="image_operate_7521442668403949"  ALT="唐雎不辱使命是个大牛皮"  TITLE="唐雎不辱使命是个大牛皮" /></A><br />
<br />
<a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=6a23a4c20102vv1l&url=http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/001WvIPMgy6VyLrIaCGf6" TARGET="_blank"></A><br />
<br /></B></P>
<p>&nbsp;<wbr></P>
<p><b>《唐雎不辱使命》这篇文章的可信度有多大？我们不妨从两个层面进行分析。</B></P>
<p>
<b>从历史的层面进行分析，唐雎凭借匹夫之勇震慑不可一世的秦王，并且要挟其保存安陵君的地盘，这从当时的军事力量对比而言，近乎渺茫。然而，这不是我们的学习重点，我们重点要从写作的角度进行分析和学习，为什么这篇文章可能吹了牛却能千古流传，它在艺术上为什么成功了。</B></P>
<p><b>从史实而言，它是不太可信的；从艺术而言，它又是极其可信的。</B></P>
<p>
<b>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></B></P>
<p>
<b>都说写作文有一套模式，其实哪怕在经典里，这个情况也存在。《唐雎不辱使命》一文中，使者唐雎以匹夫之勇，要挟秦王，仅凭一句“伏尸二人，流血五步，天下缟素”，然后“挺剑而起”，把秦王唬得“长跪而谢之”，答应保留安陵君的地盘。</B></P>
<p><b>其实，这套程序也不是唐雎第一个玩，在他之前，这样玩的多了去了。</B></P>
<p><b>我们看看案例。</B></P>
<p><b>春秋时，齐桓公大会天下诸侯，结果居然被鲁国的曹沫用刀架着脖子要挟，被迫退还所侵占的土地。这是第一回玩。</B></P>
<p>
<b>渑池之会，秦王忽悠赵王奏乐，轮到他奏乐时，却耍赖了，这还了得，蔺相如不答应了，挽起袖子要和秦王干仗，同学们请注意了，蔺相如说的就是要血溅秦王，有效距离就是“五步之内”。</B></P>
<p>
<b>还有一则大家熟悉的案例，就是那位善于自荐的毛遂。毛遂随平原君去楚国搬救兵，一帮人叽叽歪歪，从早上到中午，耗尽口水无数，问题没有任何进展。毛遂先生憋不住了，就上去理论，他的姿势也跟曹沫、蔺相如差不多，拿一柄剑，沿着阶梯走上去，一副要跟楚王单挑的样子，结果楚王妥协了，简直是神剧。</B></P>
<p>
<b>因此，唐雎的手法，在他之前已经有人玩过几票了，而且次次成功。基本上是手执利器在近距离内行事，并且执行人气势凌厉威猛。</B></P>
<p>
<b>其实，写作模式的重复，也是时代思维模式，行事模式的重复，我们今天看来是不真实的，在当时却是真实的，只要能被时代接受，它就是真实的。</B></P>
<p><b>当然，我们也要分析《唐雎不辱使命》与前面几篇的不同之处，有固定模式不等于没有变化。</B></P>
<p>&nbsp;<wbr></P>
<p><a href="http://photo.blog.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#blogid=6a23a4c20102vv1l&url=http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/001WvIPMgy6VyLAO8APdb" TARGET="_blank"><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="http://s12.sinaimg.cn/mw690/001WvIPMgy6VyLAO8APdb&amp;690" WIDTH="454" HEIGHT="329"  ALT="唐雎不辱使命是个大牛皮"  TITLE="唐雎不辱使命是个大牛皮" /></A><br />
<br /></P>
<p><b>&nbsp;<wbr></B></P>
<p><b>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></B>
<b>就挟持诸侯国君而言，与曹沫、毛遂、蔺相如这一系列孤胆英雄相比，唐雎的故事更加丰满，而丰满之处就在于对话，以对话凸显人物的性格。</B></P>
<p><b>曹沫劫持齐桓公，蔺相如呵斥秦王，毛遂威胁楚王，凸显的都是前者的个性，齐桓公、秦王和楚王都有点弱。</B></P>
<p>
<b>唐雎这事可不同，唐雎强，秦王也不弱，两强相遇，看谁扛得住。你看看秦王的气势，一上来就猛轰唐雎，要从气势上压倒唐雎，开口就是“天子之怒，伏尸百万，流血千里”，至于唐雎提到的布衣之怒，秦王一声冷笑，你们小百姓能怒到哪里去，无非是脱了帽子，赤脚，用脑袋撞地，你能咋地？</B></P>
<p>
<b>寥寥几句，秦王的气场就出来了，而且他绝对并不是吹的，“伏尸百万，流血千里”的可能性在他手下已经发生若干次了。</B></P>
<p><b>秦王的气场上来了，唐雎怎么跟上去，并且要有压倒优势？文章的转折就在这里，精彩与否，全在这里用功夫。</B></P>
<p>
<b>既然在民间不能再有压倒性优势，那就往天上发展，你调动地面优势，我调动空中优势。唐雎列举专诸、聂政、要离的案例，一则这是三起布衣之怒成功的例子，二则是天象异常：长虹贯日，彗星袭月，苍鹰击殿。无论是成功率，还是气势，都压倒了秦王。</B></P>
<p>
<b>对话双方，其个性，其脾气，均得到张扬。语气和神态，太逼真了，本来在史上并无依据的事，但是因为场面的逼真，语气的逼真，让读者身置其中，现场感增强了真实性，因此，也就被人们接受了。</B></P>
<p>
<b>就文章的接受角度而言，受众往往在乎的是艺术的逼真，未必是历史事件的可信性，正因为如此，中国史上一些失实的历史小说往往能被广大人民所接受。没其他原因，故事讲得太精彩了，其中也包括对话太逼真了。再如《三国演》义》里的“舌战群儒”，史上没有的事，因为描写得太惟妙惟肖了，也就被民间当成史实接受下来了。</B></P>
<p><b>&nbsp;<wbr></B></P>
<p>
<b>先秦和两汉的历史典籍，往往将对话放在极其重要的位置，甚至忽略其他相关的描写。因为对话能凸显人物的个性，能增强戏剧性，而且最直接。</B></P>
<p>
<b>例如《唐雎不辱使命》，唐雎一路来见秦王，主宾双方见面就是对话，秦王宫殿如何，仪仗如何，威仪如何，都省去了，简直如同广播剧，上场就是吵架，见面就是面红耳赤，杀气腾腾，凸显秦王和唐雎的矛盾，围绕这跟主线，其他都是浮云。</B></P>
<p>
<b>同学们如果有机会阅读《战国策》其他篇目，或者《史记》，也会发现这个特点。例如苏秦游说诸侯，并不怎么描写各诸侯国首都的风景和场面，一开始就是开门见山：苏秦说赵王曰，苏秦说齐王曰…………</B></P>
<p>
<b>读者其实最关心的是苏秦游说的过程和结果，如果过多铺陈景色，场面，会让读者的注意力游离，从而厌倦，全程没有尿点才是先秦两汉典籍追求的最高目标。</B></P>
<p><b>所以，写作文要充分把握好对话描写，人物的性格，内心，都在这里得以显现。</B></P>
<p><b>&nbsp;<wbr></B></P>
<p>
<b>《唐雎不辱使命》之所以被读者接受，除了对话场面的逼真生动，人物性格得以凸显，还有一个重要因素，它在字里行间透露出来的情绪，是符合当时人们的心理需求的。</B></P>
<p>
<b>唐雎面对的是暴秦，秦国在统一天下的过程中，不免使用高强度的暴力，除了消灭六国的军队，同时也有滥杀百姓的现象，激起了天下的反抗。唐雎的形象，其实集中了人们反抗暴秦，不畏强暴的诉求，同时唐雎的胜利也体现了人们的美好愿望。所以，不管史上有没有发生这样的事，从文学角度而言，唐雎的形象立稳了脚跟，永远流传了下来。</B></P>
<p><b>因此，文章的真实性，也在于心理的真实性，想要文字受欢迎，就得了解时代的心理，哪怕作文也应如此。</B></P>
<p><b>&nbsp;<wbr></B></P>
<p>
<b>花絮：秦灭六国之后，像安陵君这样的小诸侯能否存在，其实也还是有例子的，卫国在秦统一天下后，继续存在，一直到到秦二世才被取缔。</B></P>							
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